Autism & Art Therapy WELCOME TO OUR ART THERAPY JOURNEY FOR AUTISTIC ADULTS Hello and welcome from Colleen Kahn and Stephen Robertson ! We are a pair of art therapists who specialize in neurodiversity, with a particular focus on autism. Our passion lies in the beautiful intersection of art and therapy , a space where expression knows no bounds and every stroke of a brush tells a story. We believe in the transformative power of art therapy to support autistic adults in their journey toward self-expression, communication, and emotional well-being. Ready to Get Started? Click Here! Through the use of paint, clay, collage, and more, our sessions are tailored to meet you where you are, in a safe and nurturing environment. THE THERAPEUTIC PROCESS OF ART CREATION Our therapeutic process is centered on the individual. Here's a glimpse into what you can expect: 1. Setting Intentions: We start by setting intentions for our session, focusing on what you hope to explore or express through your art. 2. Exploration and Creation: With different materials that you've gathered in advance, you're encouraged to let your creativity flow, exploring various forms of expression. 3. Reflection and Understanding: After the creation phase, we reflect on the artwork together, discussing the process, emotions, and discoveries made along the way. 4. Integrating Insights: The final step involves integrating these insights into your life, using the understanding gained through art to foster growth and wellbeing. A JOURNEY OF SELF-DISCOVERY In our sessions, we embark on a journey of self-discovery together. We begin by creating a space where you feel comfortable and understood. There's no right or wrong here, just the freedom to explore and create. We'll guide you through various art-making processes, encouraging you to experiment with different materials and techniques that resonate with you. COMMUNICATION BEYOND WORDS Art allows for a unique form of communication, one that transcends traditional verbal interaction. Through your creations, you can share your inner world with us, fostering a deeper understanding of your experiences, emotions, and perceptions. This non-verbal communication is particularly empowering for autistic adults, providing a voice to those inner feelings that might otherwise remain unspoken. CELEBRATING AUTISTIC ARTISTS Over the last decade, as art therapists have extended their work to the neurodiverse community (Autism, ADHDers, OCD...), we've had the privilege of witnessing the incredible talent and creativity. From vivid paintings that capture the complexity of emotions to intricate sculptures that tell a story, the art created in our sessions is a testament to the diverse perspectives and talents within the autistic community. JOIN US We invite you to join us in this journey of discovery, healing, and expression. Whether you're new to art or an experienced creator, our sessions are designed to provide a supportive space for you to explore and communicate in ways that words alone cannot capture. Together, we'll celebrate the unique perspectives and creativity that neurodiversity brings to the world of art. Ready to start your art therapy journey? We're here to support you every step of the way. Contact us to learn more about our services and how we can tailor the art therapy experience to your unique needs and aspirations. Together, let's harness the power of art to navigate the beautiful complexity of the human experience. Meet with our Client Care Coordinator Use our Trait Wheels to better understand your strengths and challenges: Autism Trait Wheel ADHD Trait Wheel AuDHD Trait Wheel

"Why can't you look me in the eye?" Have you ever heard or said this? In the realm of human connection, eye contact is often hailed as a cornerstone of intimacy and understanding. However, for those of us living in a neurodiverse relationship, the act of locking gazes isn't always the golden key to connection it's made out to be. For some of us, eye contact can be a challenge, a discomfort, even an impossibility at times. For these people, connection doesn't need eyes to flourish. In fact, it may be easier for them to listen deeply without maintaining eye contact. Yet, for their partners who are not neurodiverse, the absence of eye contact can sometimes feel like a gulf, a silent space where connection is sought but not found. It's a valid feeling, stemming from a world that teaches us to seek the soul in the eyes of another. This dissonance can be painful and can feel like rejection, even when it's anything but. It's crucial, then, to acknowledge this pain, to understand that it comes from a place of deep longing for connection, not from a lack of love or desire to understand. Next Steps: Start Seeing Differently Here are some steps we can take, together, to bridge this gap, to build a world where connection thrives in every look and in every look away: 1. Share Openly. For the neurodiverse partner, explain what eye contact feels like for you, and for the allistic partner, share why it's important to you. This mutual understanding is the foundation of empathy. 2. Find Your Language of Love: Connection wears countless faces. Discover yours. It could be through words of affirmation, shared hobbies, touch, or simply sitting side-by-side in comfortable silence. 3. Celebrate Small Victories: If eye contact is something you both wish to explore, approach it gently, as a journey you're on together. Celebrate the moments, however brief, where comfort is found in a shared glance. But remember, it's not a measure of progress in your relationship. 4. Seek Support, Together: You're not alone on this journey. When you're ready, reach out to one of our neurodiverse couples counselors. As you move forward, hold close the knowledge that connection is not confined to the eyes. It blossoms in the spaces we create for each other, in understanding, acceptance, and the countless ways we choose to say, "I am here with you." Ready to explore this journey further? Click Here To Match With An Expert All the best, Harry Dr. Harry Motro, LMFT, PsyD Dr. Motro is a registered Marriage and Family Therapist #53452 and the Founder/Clinical Director of the Neurodiverse Couples Counseling Center. Want to Meet with Our Client Care Coordinator? Hi, I'm Whitney Pressley, Client Care Coordinator. Let's talk so I can match you with the neurodiverse specialist that's right for you. Schedule With Whitney Take an ASD/ADHD Screener Are you curious about whether or not you have autism/ADHD? Want to learn more about yourself and take the first step towards deeper self-understanding? We invite you to visit the Adult Autism Assessment Site and Take An ASD/ADHD Assessment Use our Trait Wheels to better understand your strengths and challenges: Autism Trait Wheel ADHD Trait Wheel AuDHD Trait Wheel

Therapy for Neurodiverse couples who are looking to understand their neurological differences and find new, more effective ways to communicate and connect. NEURODIVERSE COUPLES COUNSELING < Back UNDERSTANDING NEURODIVERSE COUPLES NEURODIVERSITY MAGNET Initially, an autistic partner and a neurotypical partner feel a strong initial attraction to each other and couple up. The neurotypical may be attracted to the autistic partner's stability, focus and intelligence. The autistic partner may appreciate the neurotypical helping him or her navigate social situations. The neurotypical may be the autistic partner's special interest , at least during the dating period. Typically, the neurotypical soaks up the attention. They may view themselves as complementary, a perfect fit - like a "magnet" has pulled them together. DIFFERENCES TURN INTO DYSFUNCTIONAL PATTERNS Yet, it is easy for these neurological differences to lead to wires getting crossed. Building and… Show More

Is this something you've ever wondered about yourself? Did this thought come up because of a comment made by your partner? Or maybe you started wondering this after noticing similarities between you your autistic child's behavior. Whatever the case may be, there are resources out there to help set you on a path of peace and better self-understanding. Autism Screening Tests 📝 Screening tests can be the first step on a path of discovery. They help to clarify our experiences and can indicate if we might be on the autism spectrum. They're useful for letting us know if a more detailed evaluation is worthwhile. Weighing Benefits and Limitations ⚖️ These tests can shine a light on various aspects of neurodiversity and help validate feelings of being different. They can be the nudge we need towards seeking support and finding communities that get us. But, they're not all-encompassing. They can't fully capture our experiences or conclusively answer whether someone is autistic. They're a tool, not the final word. Beware of Labels 🏷️ Labels can be incredibly useful. They can bring clarity, support, and a sense of belonging. However, within the dynamics of a relationship, they can be misused. An allistic partner might wield a diagnosis, not as a tool for understanding, but as a means to criticize or control. Please know that our counselors work hard to help you avoid this trap. It's crucial to approach labels with nuance. They should help us understand ourselves better and access support, not be used to limit us or by others to exert power. Remember, your identity is more than any label. Where to Go after the Screener? 🛤️ After completing a screener, you might consider three options: 1) The first option may be individual counseling . It's a confidential space to explore what your screener results might mean, learn how strengths can be harnessed and struggles can be addressed, and understand yourself better. 2) For couples , counseling offers insights into how these symptoms might be influencing your relationship dynamics, providing tools for healthier interactions. 3) Lastly, you may consider an in-depth assessment with one of our trained clinicians . Screeners, while informative, are never enough for a proper diagnosis, which requires the nuanced clinical judgment of a trained professional. Taking the First Step 👣 If you're curious about your relationship with autism and would like access to a variety of free screening tools, we invite you to visit out partner site: Adult Autism Assessment This could be a valuable step in your journey of self-discovery and our team would love to help guide you. Warmest regards, Harry Dr. Harry Motro, LMFT, PsyD Dr. Motro is a registered Marriage and Family Therapist #53452 and the Founder/Clinical Director of the Neurodiverse Couples Counseling Center. Want to Meet with Our Client Care Coordinator? Hi, I'm Whitney Pressley, Client Care Coordinator. Let's talk so I can match you with the neurodiverse specialist that's right for you. Schedule With Whitney Take an ASD/ADHD Screener Are you curious about whether or not you have autism/ADHD? Want to learn more about yourself and take the first step towards deeper self-understanding? Take An ASD/ADHD Screener Use our Trait Wheels to better understand your strengths and challenges: Autism Trait Wheel ADHD Trait Wheel AuDHD Trait Wheel

Autism Trait Wheel You took a screener. Got a number. And you still feel unseen. Here is why. We are taught that the spectrum is a straight line. A slider bar. From "less autistic" to "more autistic." But you aren't one-dimensional! You aren't just a point on a single scale. You are a complex mix of many traits. High intensity in some areas. Low in others. Specific struggles. Specific strengths. Let's stop looking at a line. And start looking at the wheel. What this tool is: A one-page wheel.Each slice = one trait.Each slice shows two truths side-by-side. Challenge on the left (red). Strength on the right (green). You color what fits.You see the whole person. No just a label. Why this wheel is different from other wheels: Most wheels only measure deficits. Ours shows strengths AND deficits. Sensory overwhelm ↔ sensory precision. Task switching struggle ↔ deep focus. Same trait. Two sides. One picture you can use. The “spiky profile” made visible Many non-autistic folks look “smooth” across skills. Autistic profiles are often spiky. Big peaks. Real valleys. Without a picture, peaks hide valleys. That’s where fights start. Stop the bad-intent trap “Brilliant at work, so why miss the bill?” “Talk for hours on a passion, so why shut down at dinner?” Peaks get read as global ability. Valleys get misread as apathy or defiance. The wheel reframes it from “won’t” to “wired.” How to use it for yourself: Read both sides of each slice. Left = challenge. Right = strength. Color red on the left of each slice. Color green on the right. Fill more rings for stronger intensity. Pick the closest fit; you can revise later. Share it with your partner or therapist. How to use it for your partner: Read both sides first. Color the challenge you see (left/red). Color the strength you see (right/green). Compare wheels together. Name one appreciation and one tough slice. Ask for one concrete support. Talk about it (quick script) Start with strength: “I appreciate your _______ because ______.” Name the challenge, without blame: “One tough slice is ______ when ______.” Make a micro-ask: “What would help next time is ______ (specific, visible, time-bound).” Tips for literal thinkers Anchor to a real scene: work task, family dinner, store run. Pick a number of rings based on that scene. Close enough is good enough. The goal is clarity, not perfection. Turn the picture into action Choose one slice each for individual work. Choose one slice together for couple work. Make micro-agreements: One cue. One behavior. One time stamp. One visible proof. Examples: “If the room gets loud, I’ll give the pause signal and take a 5-minute step-out, then text ‘OK’ before I return.” “After dinner, we print the label and mail the bill—photo of the drop as proof.” “Before hard talks, we send a 3-bullet agenda by 5 p.m.” From insight to clarity These traits track with common autism screeners. This is not a diagnosis. If you want more than insight, testing can help. Get the template. Try the wheel. Then decide your next step. Get the Free Autism Wheel Template We also have wheels for ADHD and AuDHD . ADHD AuDHD If you want more data to inform your picture, explore our screeners here: https://www.neurodiversecouplescounseling.com/self-discovery And remember that we're always here to help you on your journey [Click here to schedule a session today] Harry Motro Clinical Director, Neurodiverse Couples Counseling Center © 2025 New Path Family of Therapy Centers Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of these statements may be reproduced, redistributed, or used in any form without explicit written permission from the New Path Family of Therapy Centers. 🔦 Spotlight on Rachel Wheeler Specialties Neurodiverse Couples AuDHD ADHD Autism Parenting (Neurotypical & Neurodiverse) PDA Life Experience Parents a highly sensitive, neurodivergent child while unmasking her own PDA and AuDHD identity. She brings real-world empathy to families navigating both self-discovery and support. Navigates a neurodiverse marriage built on friendship, transformed by diagnosis and mutual understanding. Sixteen years in, Rachel and her partner have reshaped their relationship through clarity, accommodation, and compassion. Lived the cost of camouflaging—now helps others unlearn it safely. Rachel guides clients toward authenticity without sacrificing safety or identity. Grounds her therapy work in lived neurodivergence, not just education. Her insight comes from walking the same path as the people she supports. Registered Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, AMFT #126649 , Supervised by Dr. Harry Motro, LMFT #53452 Learn More about Rachel Want to learn more about yourself? Explore our sister site, Adult Autism Assessment , and take a deeper dive into your journey of self-discovery. Click the links below to get started! Autism Screeners ADHD Screeners Tests Related to Autism & ADHD General Screeners References Autism Education Trust. (2023, July 7). Spiky profiles . https://autismunderstood.co.uk/autistic-differences/spiky-profiles/ Butler , N. (n.d.). Spiky profile: What does it mean? The Autistic Joyologist. https://autisticjoyologist.co.uk/spiky-profile/ Exceptional Individuals. (n.d.). Spiky profile: What is it and who is it for? Retrieved November 3, 2025, from https://exceptionalindividuals.com/candidates/neurodiversity-resources/spiky-profile/ Jack, C. (2022, August 16). From autistic linear spectrum to pie chart spectrum . Psychology Today . https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-autism-spectrum-disorder/202208/autistic-linear-spectrum-pie-chart-spectrum Use our Trait Wheels to better understand your strengths and challenges: Autism Trait Wheel ADHD Trait Wheel AuDHD Trait Wheel

Our Neurodiverse Specialists are ready to help you work on your relationship. Whether one or both of you are Autistic, ADHD'er or otherwise neurodivergent, we are here to help. < Back https://www.pirniatherapy.com/ Education & Licensing Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist #150408 Associate Professional Clinical Counselor #13526 Bachelor of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology, Pepperdine University Specialties ADHD Couples Counseling Autistic/Asperger's Couples Counseling Neurodiverse Families & Parenting Neurodiverse Individual Counseling Other Areas of Focus High Achievers, Gifted, and Twice Exceptional Doctors, Engineers, Lawyers, Tech and Corporate Executives Midlife and Life Transitions First Generation, Immigrants, and Children of Immigrants Trilingual: Farsi (Persian), Spanish, and English Neurodiverse Couples Insurmountable Problems? Being in a relationship where one, or both, partners has a neurodiversity can present unique challenges that may seem insurmountable at times . Perhaps you and your partner have been struggling to connect, and you're not sure how to move forward. You may feel like you're speaking different languages, that your partner doesn't understand you, or that you can't find common ground. I've worked with many couples in similar situations, and I've seen firsthand the toll it can take on both partners and the relationship. One partner may feel like they're always walking on eggshells, trying to avoid triggering their partner's sensitivities, while the other partner may feel like they're constantly being criticized or misunderstood. Communication may break down, leaving both partners feeling frustrated, alone, and disconnected. Perspective Taking to Bridge the Gap With the right support and guidance, it's possible to create a safe and loving partnership that enables each of you to thrive and grow. As a neurodiverse couples’ therapist, my goal is to help you both understand each other's perspectives and needs , and to find ways to bridge the gap between you . I'll work with you to identify areas of strength in your relationship, as well as areas that need improvement. We'll explore strategies to build empathy, trust, and communication skills, and we'll develop tools to manage conflict and build resilience. I approach therapy with a focus on collaboration, compassion, and cultural sensitivity. I believe that each person and relationship is unique, and I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences and feelings without fear of criticism or rejection. I'll work with you to tailor our sessions to your specific needs and goals, and we'll work at a pace that feels comfortable for you both. If you're struggling in your relationship and feel like you're at a crossroads, I encourage you to reach out for support. Together, we can work towards building a stronger, more connected partnership that brings out the best in each of you. Parenting Neurodiverse Children, including ADHD, Autism, Anxiety, OCD, Giftedness, and Twice Exceptional (2e) As a parent, you seek insightful solutions for your unique child rather than labels and generalizations. You may have long recognized that your child differs from other children. Despite seeking answers in parenting books and receiving advice from friends and family members, you have yet to find lasting solutions to your child's behavior. In fact, some of the advice may have even caused setbacks or worked as temporary band-aids, at best. You may be in awe of your child's unique talents in certain areas, but at the same time, perplexed by their inability to complete certain basic tasks. You may observe uneven patterns in your child's development, leaving you uncertain about how to set appropriate expectations. To Push or Back off? You may wonder how much to push your child to their full potential and when that pushing may be jeopardizing their mental health or pushing them farther away. You may notice that teachers, friends, and family unfairly judge your child, leading to a negative impact on their self-esteem and sense of worth. It's possible that you have already enrolled your child in various programs or interventions, but you are still searching for a more comprehensive understanding of how to best support your child and your family. You may be hesitant to seek help, out of concern that a professional may not be able to perceive your child's uniqueness and individuality in the same way that you do. Toll on Relationships Meanwhile, this struggle with meeting your child’s needs can be taking a toll on your relationship with your partner and other children. You’ve been struggling to meet everyone else’s need in the family at the expense of your own and you recognize you need a better strategy. “Beneath every behavior there is a feeling. And beneath every feeling there is a need. And when we meet that need rather than focus on the behavior, we begin to deal with the cause, not the symptom. ” My Approach When working with families, I strive to integrate a personalized, emotion-focused approach with evidence-based research and best practices . This approach allows us to create a meaningful connection and work together towards positive change. I create a comprehensive and tailored plan of action that takes into account your family’s and your child's unique strengths and challenges, without solely relying on labels and diagnoses. I work with parents every step of the way and help them discover the “why” beneath their child’s behavior and guide them toward positive changes. I offer specific guidance to help parents engage with their children in ways that tap into their intrinsic motivation for growth and success. My approach is founded upon evidence-based neuropsychology, curiosity, thoroughness, and clinical integrity, to help your child and the family reach their full potential. In our work together, you will come away with a nuanced and individualized roadmap that is tailored to your child's unique needs, allowing you to make current and future decisions that are suited to their individuality. I am a firm believer that therapy has the power to unlock the world-changing potential of the neurodiverse mind, and I am committed to helping your child achieve their full potential. Read more about our care for Twice-Exceptional Children . Life Experience Licensed Psychotherapist at Neurodiverse Couples Counseling Center and Parenting Autism Therapy Center. Working with Dr. Harry Moto, Clinical Director and Founder. Clinical training - The Center for Professional Counseling of Los Angeles. Trained from a psychodynamic, depth-oriented clinical theoretical orientation, integrating alternative modalities as needed such as family systems theory, attachment theory, and CBT/DBT/ACT. Clinical training - Outreach Concern. Work with children, teens, and families as a school-based mental health therapist at multiple school sites. Handle a diverse caseload of students with behavioral, social, emotional, and academic needs. Incorporate a strengths-based orientation to foster academic growth and help students reach their personal potential, both inside and outside the classroom. Graduate Research Associate working alongside Dr. Shelly Harrell in her Culture, Wisdom, and Resilience Lab. My primary focus was the development of a unique application designed specifically for mental health therapists. This innovative tool enables therapists to incorporate quotes from thought leaders into their therapy practices, promoting greater wisdom, insight, and resilience among their clients. Prior President, CFO, COO, and Founder of various tech companies, startups, and non-profit organizations. Learnings from the corporate world helped shape my passion for understanding people’s behaviors, motivations, and drives. These experiences have equipped me with a unique perspective and skill set that I bring to my work as a mental health therapist. Clients Individuals Couples Families Teens/Kids Modalities Psychodynamic/depth-oriented psychology EFT (emotion focused therapy for couples) IFS (internal family systems) CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) including ACT and DBT Family Systems Dynamics Solution focused therapy Specialty Areas: LGBTQIA+, Muslim background, Kink/Poly-Affirmed, Addiction, Assessment, Parenting (Neurotypical & Neurodiverse), Teens, ND at Work, Neurodiverse Couples, ADHD, Autism, Buddist - Spiritual, Cassandra Syndrome Support, Discernment, Internal Family Systems, Accepting New Couples & Indiv. Clients Leila Pirnia Take an Autism Test

Hyperfixation Where has your attention camped out lately? Does it feed you? Or drain you? Neurodivergent attention is powerful. It can deepen skill, meaning, and wellbeing when it’s intrinsically driven. It can also snag and exhaust you when it narrows too hard and won’t let go. Here’s the difference. What each term means: Monotropism = the wiring. It’s a tendency to allocate attention to a small number of streams at a time. Neutral by itself. It can fuel flow or create stuckness depending on context and supports. Special interest = healthy Monotropism. Long-term, intrinsically motivated, values-aligned. You can pause it when needed. It usually energizes and leads to creation, sharing, or skill building. Hyperfixation = hijacked Monotropism. Short-term or episodic, compulsion-driven, relief/certainty-seeking. Hard to stop even when it’s costing you. It usually dysregulates and pushes endless intake or looping. On the outside they can look identical. Inside they feel opposite. Special interests ground you and spark output. Hyperfixations push for going deeper while basic needs and relationships get sidelined. How special interests can help your relationship: They create shared rituals and admiration when the allistic partner engages with curiosity. They buffer stress, fuel competence, and can become “us” projects with gentle structure. How hyperfixation can harm your relationship: It amplifies missed bids for connection. It can crowd out sleep, chores, finances, intimacy, and co-parenting rhythms. Partners read the withdrawal as disinterest rather than dysregulation—and resentment spikes. A useful lens Monotropism explains why attention locks on. Sometimes it’s adaptive. Sometimes it’s overwhelming. Seeing the pattern reduces blame and guides supports that can protect the couple. Gentle steps for JUST YOU (shift yourself first) ✔️ Flag it yourself: “I’m getting pulled in—give me 5 minutes to land the plane,” then actually land the plane. ✔️ Name the state, not the story. “One sentence: I’m flooded and chasing certainty; I want to reconnect.” ✔️ Two-sentence bridge: “10-second headline of what I’m stuck on” → “I’m choosing us now.” ✔️ Micro-downshift: 60–90 seconds: breathe, stand, water, quick stretch—then turn to your partner. ✔️ Timebox + return: Set a 20–40 min focus block; return at the exact minute and say, “I’m back.” COUPLES experiments (protect connection while focus exists) ✔️ On-ramp script ND partner: “I feel the pull. Five minutes to land the plane, then I’m with you.” Partner: “Got it.” ✔️ Off-ramp script ND partner: “I’m back. Quick reconnect now or do you need five first?” Partner chooses. ✔️ 30–30–30 micro-loop 30s share (ND) → 30s reflect (non-ND) → 30s plan (one tiny step each). ✔️ Bid + boundary Non-ND: “I’m asking for 10 minutes now; if not, let’s book 7:30.” ND picks one. ✔️ Repair quickie If late: “I broke our agreement—sorry. New offer: 10 minutes now or 7:45?” Want a quick self-check? Take our short screener and learn about your attention style: Start the Monotropism Screener Want to go deeper on special interests? Watch our video on Monotropism here! None of this is magic.All of it is workable. Ready to work on this in therapy? [Click here to schedule a session today] Harry Motro Clinical Director, Neurodiverse Couples Counseling Center © 2025 New Path Family of Therapy Centers Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of these statements may be reproduced, redistributed, or used in any form without explicit written permission from the New Path Family of Therapy Centers. 🔦 Spotlight on Lea Choi Specialties · Neurodiverse Couples Counseling · ADHD & Autism Relationship Coaching · Emotional Regulation · Executive Functioning Support · Complex Parenting Challenges · Multicultural & Intercultural Relationships · LGBTQIA+, Poly & Kink-Affirming · Identity & Self-Exploration Life Experience Lived Experience as AuDHD and in a Neurodiverse Relationship – Navigated firsthand the challenges of differing communication styles, sensory needs, and emotional processing. Bridging the Gap Between Neurotypes – Learned how to shift from misinterpretation and frustration to mutual understanding and connection. From Isolation to Communication – Overcame years of feeling unseen by developing relationship strategies that work for both partners, not just one. Reframing Love & Connection – Discovered that love isn’t always verbal—it can be expressed through small, meaningful actions. Registered Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, AMFT # 151193 , Supervised by Dr. Harry Motro, LMFT #53452 Learn More about Lea! Want to learn more about yourself? Explore our sister site, Adult Autism Assessment , and take a deeper dive into your journey of self-discovery. Click the links below to get started! Autism Screeners ADHD Screeners Tests Related to Autism & ADHD General Screeners References Ashinoff, B. K., & Abu-Akel, A. (2021). Hyperfocus: The forgotten frontier of attention. Psychological Research, 85 (1), 1–19). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-019-01245-8 Barney, J. L., Ben-Porath, D. D., & Hayes, S. C. (2019). Assessing the valuing process in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A qualitative study. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14 , 99–107. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212144718302266 Cleveland Clinic. (2024, September 30). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): What it is . https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/acceptance-and-commitment-therapy-act-therapy Grove, R., Hoekstra, R. A., Wierda, M., & Begeer, S. (2018). Special interests and subjective wellbeing in autistic adults. Autism Research, 11 (5), 766–775. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aur.1931 Healthline. (2023, November 8). Special interest vs. hyperfixation: Differences and resources . https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/special-interest-vs-hyperfixation IFS Institute. (n.d.). The Internal Family Systems (IFS) model outline . https://ifs-institute.com/resources/articles/internal-family-systems-model-outline Murray, D., Lesser, M., & Lawson, W. (2005). Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism. Autism, 9 (2), 139–156. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1362361305051398 Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12 , 290–304. https://contextualscience.org/values_measures Russell, G., Kapp, S. K., Elliott, D., Elphick, C., Gwernan-Jones, R., & Owens, C. (2019). Mapping the autistic advantage from the accounts of adults diagnosed with autism: A qualitative study. Autism in Adulthood, 1 (2), 124–133. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6493410/ Simply Psychology. (2025, April 22). Autistic special interests vs ADHD hyperfixations . https://www.simplypsychology.org/autistic-special-interests-vs-adhd-hyperfixations.html Taubin, D. Z., Levant, B., & Zeides, D. (2024). Depressive symptoms and quality of life among women partnered with adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders . Advance online publication. https: //journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10870547241280607 TIME. (2025, April 14). What a hyperfixation really is . https://time.com/7276835/hyperfixating-focus-autism-adhd-neurodivergent/ Use our Trait Wheels to better understand your strengths and challenges: Autism Trait Wheel ADHD Trait Wheel AuDHD Trait Wheel

Hi Everyone, Ever feel like you're at war with yourself? 🤯 I do. It’s that frustrating gap between the values you hold dear and the reality of how those values play out in life. For many couples—neurodivergent or not—this misalignment often comes down to how our brains are wired. The challenges aren’t limited to autistic partners. Both autistic and non-autistic individuals can struggle with translating their values into action. Brain wiring, patterns of thinking, and communication styles all play a role in how intentions get lost along the way. Instead of seeing the heart behind the effort, others often focus on the missteps—and that disconnect can be painful for everyone involved. But there’s hope! By understanding how these challenges show up in different ways for both partners, we can start to move past the outcomes and focus on the values that matter most. The Inner Struggle: Illustrating the Conflict Below are two tables that try to capture the inconsistencies we’re speaking about, one for an autistic person and one for an allistic person. Remember, these are not perfect representations, but they can illuminate some common areas of conflict between values and brain wiring.💖 Autistic Internal Conflict Table Values What happens in real life Honesty, Authenticity Everything must be said out loud. Perceived as rudeness and social missteps. Independence, Self-Reliance I resist help when I need it. A partner’s request is perceived as an ultimatum. Perceived as demand resistant. Fairness, Justice Fairness is all-or-nothing . " Perceived as moral rigidity and an intolerance for compromise. Calm, Harmony, Predictability Sensory sensitivity can lead to overwhelm and emotional dysregulation which is the opposite of the desired calm. Perceived as volatile. Deep Connection and Shared Understanding Difficulties in interpreting non-verbal cues. Perceived as disconnected, not caring. Allistic Internal Conflict Table Values What happens in real life Flexibility, Adaptability Prioritize social harmony over authenticity. Perceived as inauthentic, people pleaser. Connection, Shared Experiences Difficulties in understanding neurodivergent communication , resulting in flooding, pursuing, and criticizing. Perceived as overly emotional, irrational, and cruel. Empathy, Compassion The tendency to apply allistic assumptions about emotional expression (assume an emotion is not felt if it is not said). Perceived as judgmental, and self-righteous. Teamwork, Partnership The need for external validation may block progress on projects. Perceived as insecure, needy, and unreliable. Clear Communication, Directness A tendency toward indirect communication and "reading between the lines." Perceived as impossible to understand. The Core Conflict: A Daily Struggle For autistic people , the table above isn't just a list, it's a daily reality. The pull between their values and their neurobiology creates ongoing internal tension and frustration that then impacts how they are perceived. 💔 Likewise, an allistic person 's desire for connection and validation may be at odds with their difficulty understanding different communication styles and neurotypes, and their wiring to use indirect communication. ⚔️ 🌟 Navigating the Inconsistencies At the Neurodiverse Couples Counseling Center , we start by guiding each partner on a journey of deep self-discovery, helping them unpack their own "table" —those deeply ingrained values juxtaposed with the realities of their brain wiring. This process involves carefully examining the internal conflicts that arise when their values clash with how they naturally react and process the world. As partners gain a clearer understanding of their own internal landscape, they can begin to articulate these often-unspoken struggles to each other. By fostering a space where each person can express their internal conflicts and feel truly heard and understood, the pathway to healing opens up.🛡️ 🚀 Internal Conflict Exercise This week, take some time to consider your own "Internal Conflict Table" and ask these questions: Where do your values and brain wiring clash? 🤔 Do you fight this clash or accept it with self-compassion? 💖 How do your values shape your expectations of your partner? 💡 When your actions are misunderstood, how do you respond? 😟 Can you spot when your partner’s actions conflict with their values? 🧐 How can you better express your struggles to your partner? 🗣️ If you're struggling to understand these complexities in your relationship, reach out. We’re here to support you every step of the way towards deeper connection and understanding. Click Here to Schedule! Warmly, Harry Motro Clinical Director 🔦 Spotlight on Monica Attia Specialties Assessment ADHD & Autism support Neurodiverse Couples Eating & Autism Teens Brainspotting / Trauma Internal Family Systems LGBTQIA+ Kink/Poly-Affirmed AuDHD Emotional Intimacy Professional Qualifications Masters of Science, Marriage and Family Therapy - San Diego State University Post-Baccalaureate Psychological Science Program - University of California, Irvine Juris Doctor - Georgetown University Law Center Bachelor of Arts, Political Science - University of California, Los Angeles Life Experience First-generation Egyptian-American, transitioned from lawyer to therapist. Diagnosed with ADHD and autism. Faced pressures to conform culturally and neurotypically, believing that being "normal" was the key to happiness. Discovered that celebrating neurodivergence fosters meaningful connections and embraced it fully. Wouldn’t trade neurodivergence, despite its challenges during childhood and adolescence, because it connects to a community of resilient individuals. Therapeutic Mission Dedicated to supporting and celebrating neurodiverse individuals and couples, fostering spaces where everyone feels seen and understood. Contact Liz Today! Did you miss the last Blog? Click Here to Read Now! Want to Meet with Our Client Care Coordinator? Hi, I'm Cassie Clayton, Client Care Coordinator. Let's talk so I can match you with the neurodiverse specialist that's right for you. Schedule with Cassie Think You May be Have ADHD? The Structured Adult ADHD Self-Test (SAAST) may be used to identify adults who may have undiagnosed ADHD Take the SAAST Test Use our Trait Wheels to better understand your strengths and challenges: Autism Trait Wheel ADHD Trait Wheel AuDHD Trait Wheel

One-on-one and group support for Cassandra Syndrome (neurotypical partners who are in relationships with someone on the spectrum). We help you feel understood and are here to encourage self-care and provide practical advice. SUPPORT FOR NEUROTYPICALS < Back THE NEUROTYPICAL EXPERIENCE Because the person with autism does not have the same relational needs as the allistic partner, he or she is often unable to instinctively recognize the emotional needs of his or her partner and may feel ill-equipped to meet them. Relationships can thus form seriously dysfunctional patterns. RELATIONSHIP OF CONVENIENCE? People who do not have autism enter a relationship with the normal expectation that the priority of a relationship will be about togetherness, mutual terms and meeting of needs, but in reality, the relationship ends up feeling like one of practicality and convenience for the person with autism. For those who had typical expectations of the mutuality of marriage,… Show More

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) often intersects with neurodivergent conditions such as Autism and ADHD. Our therapists understand the unique challenges this brings and are here to help guide you toward your goals. OCD & AUTISM < Back OCD & AUTISM OCD, AUTISM, & ADHD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) often intersects with neurodivergent conditions such as Autism and ADHD, creating a complex web of intertwined experiences. Recognizing and understanding these intersections is crucial for providing tailored support that meets your needs. Research indicates that a significant number of Autistic individuals, up to 37%, also grapple with OCD . The manifestation of OCD in Autistic individuals varies widely, necessitating a nuanced approach to diagnosis and treatment. The intersection of OCD and Autism presents challenges affecting daily life, impacting sensory experiences, routines, and social interactions. WHAT IS OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER? OCD is characterized by persistent, distressing thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive actions (compulsions) aimed at alleviating the… Show More

Understand why you run out of energy so you can begin to make change. EMOTIONAL SUPPORT FOR NEUROTYPICAL Defense Mode Why people with Asperger's seem stuck & shutdown so often "Everyone is always doing as well as they can within their personal limitations, their personal history, what they know and don't know and what they're feeling in that moment. If they could make a healthier decision, they would. This includes you." - Carl Alasko, PhD. Not Now, Grandma! Imagine a young soldier crouching behind a rocky outcropping. Bullets are flying overhead and explosions are booming in the distance. She feels trapped. Beneath her mud splattered military fatigues, her arms are trembling with fear and exhaustion. At that very moment, the soldier's elderly grandmother comes hobbling out onto the battlefield. Moving slowly but with purpose the soldier's grandmother walks right up to her granddaughter's hiding spot and says, "Today is the day. It's time for you to learn how to knit! Don't you worry, dear, I've cleared my entire schedule for our appointment today. After all, knitting is such an important life skill and it's time that you learned it!" How do you imagine our soldier is going to react in that moment? She's probably going to yell at her grandmother and tell her to go away, which is perfectly understandable. In that moment, the soldier is already physically, mentally, and emotionally overwhelmed. But how do you imagine grandma is going to react? Well, she's going to feel hurt. She might even get angry and start yelling in return. After all, she is here out of the goodness of her heart to teach her granddaughter how to knit! Usually when you do something nice for someone, the last thing you expect is to get yelled at. The problem here is that for some reason grandma can't see what's going on. Maybe she forgot her glasses back at home or something, but whatever the reason, grandma seems to be completely oblivious to the fact that her granddaughter is standing in the middle of a firefight. But for argument's sake, let's imagine that grandma decides to continue with her knitting lesson anyway. She pulls out the yarn and starts to demonstrate the proper techniques. Well, even if grandma is a very skilled teacher, how effective do you imagine her teaching can really be in that moment? Is the soldier capable of devoting mental and emotional resources to learning and practicing this new skill? Is the soldier likely to remember or internalize anything her grandma is saying to her? Probably not. What Is Defense Mode? This metaphor is an excellent illustration of what we hear at Asperger Experts call Defense Mode. We define Defense Mode as a state of overwhelm in which someone with Asperger's is scared, frustrated, or angry, as well as shut down and withdrawn. When you're in Defense Mode, everything is harder because you're constantly trying to protect yourself from the overwhelming stress of both real and imagined threats that constantly surround you. It could be that five-page English essay, or the long commute home from work where some jerk cuts you off in traffic. It could be sensory issues like an itchy shirt tag or lights that are too bright. You can even get stressed out just from your own thoughts and beliefs, such as a belief that you're bad at math, so why bother studying? You might assume that your parents are tyrants who are trying to manipulate you whenever they ask you to help out with some household chores. In Defense Mode, the world feels like a scary and threatening place. Much like the soldier who is hovering at the edge of fight or flight, a person in Defense Mode is much more likely to interpret a kindhearted invitation to learn knitting as a threatening attack. Thus, when dad comes into the kitchen and says, "Hey, you know the rules, no ice cream for breakfast, what if we have scrambled eggs instead?" This triggers a full on meltdown because that wasn't a casual invitation to eat a healthier breakfast. That was obviously a personal attack! It feels like dad is an angry drill Sergeant rather than a supportive parent. Whenever the stress and overwhelm gets to be too much, Defense Mode will always manifest in one of three ways: fight, flight, or freeze. The person in Defense Mode might get angry and start yelling or they might try to run away, perhaps by escaping into video games or some other distraction. Or, they might shut down as they keep mumbling "I don't know", in response to all of mom's questions, perhaps in the hope that she'll eventually stop the interrogating and leave. How The Nervous System Responds (AKA "The Science-y Bit") Defense Mode is based primarily in your sympathetic nervous system, which is basically your body's version of the panic button. The sympathetic system is your stress response. On the flip side, we have the parasympathetic system. This is known as the rest and digest system. Basically, this is the system that's engaged when everything is cool and calm and there's nothing to worry about. When you are in the parasympathetic system, the job of the nervous system is to just keep everything running smoothly. There's no need to hit the panic button right now. Now, before we go any further, a quick disclaimer: Neuroscience is incredibly complicated. I mean, do you have any idea how many different brain areas and processes are involved just for you to be able to see the color red? So when it comes to neuroscience here, I'm going to explain things simply so simply that it's almost wrong. So if you're a professional reading this and you're thinking, "Oh, well, that's not quite exactly how..." I know, trust me, I understand. My goal here in this article is just to illustrate an idea. So with that said, we now resume our regularly scheduled program. Okay, so we've got two systems, right? Sympathetic is the stress response. Parasympathetic is rest and digest. Now, while these two systems appear to be somewhat diametrically opposed and to some extent they are, they don't necessarily function and interact that way in terms of being like a light switch where it's black and white, all or nothing. Emotional Resource Theory We've all had lots of experience living in that gray scale space somewhere in between where you're not a hundred percent calm, but you're also not stressed to the max, which is a good thing. It makes sense that you should have a more extreme stress response when you're confronted with a hungry lion versus a long homework assignment. Simply put, there are different levels or intensities of your stress response. Put another way, there are different levels of Defense Mode. We call this Emotional Resource Theory and we've divided this spectrum of stress between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems into four general categories: Day to day, each of us falls somewhere along this continuum depending on the amount of emotional resources we happen to have available. It may help to think of this in terms of money. Let's imagine being in the Nope state is like being deep in debt. I'm talking like hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt. At the same time, your income is so small that you can't even keep up with the monthly accruing interest, much less paying down the principal. As a result, you'll probably stay stuck here drowning in emotional debt indefinitely unless you receive some sort of outside assistance or intervention. In terms of emotional capacity, this is like the guy who spends 16 hours a day playing video games in his parents' basement. No job, no school. I mean even the thought of trying to get a job or enroll in school is completely overwhelming. They rarely go outside and if left to their own devices and provided sufficient food, water and WIFI, they would probably stay there on that couch forever. Every day they feel exhausted, frustrated and overwhelmed. The smallest little stressors can trigger intense feelings of fear, anger, and even hopelessness. Defense Mode is a step above that. In stereotypical Defense Mode you're still somewhat in debt, but it's not deep enough to the point that you feel the need to shut down completely and just "nope" out of life. You might still be able to handle school or hold down a job, but barely. Stress, anger and fear is still your default setting most of the time. Meltdowns are still happening on a fairly regular basis and it usually only requires a small to moderate amount of stress to send you off the deep end. Functional is like the money version of living paycheck to paycheck. You're finally out of debt, thank goodness. But there is absolutely no wiggle room between your income and your expenses. You managed to get through most days without too much overwhelm and meltdowns are pretty rare, but since your emotional savings account is basically at zero, any major unexpected stressors will instantly upset that delicate balance you've achieved sending you spiraling back down into a state of Defense Mode. At that point, you have to begin a new, the slow process of digging yourself out of emotional debt in order to get back to a functional state. Additionally, since you're living paycheck to paycheck, you rarely have any extra capacity or resources left over to give to others. You might even feel resentment towards people that ask for your help in the first place. Why can't they just fend for themselves? After all, you're barely keeping your own head above water, so how can you even begin to think about someone else's needs? Thriving is when your income finally exceeds your expenses. It is a state of abundance in which you have plenty of savings in the bank. You still experience stress in life as we all do, but now you have tons of capacity to handle it. You rarely, if ever, get overwhelmed to the, of shutting down or losing your temper. In fact, since you have plenty of emotional resources to spare, you're more than happy to give what you can to help others. When you see someone close to you that might need some help or a listening ear, you're happy to go out of your way to sit with them and support them. You're capable of holding space for their anger and their anxiety without becoming angry or anxious yourself. Most of the time it feels like stress comes and goes very quickly for you, like water off a duck's back and you're able to respond to challenging situations with empathy and calm level headed understanding. (Sidenote: If you'd like to go deeper and understand the biological basis for Defense Mode, read this article on the vagus nerve and why being in Defense Mode and overwhelmed isn't a moral failing.) Getting Out Of Defense Mode Here are 2 small but powerful habits that you can start putting into action right away in order to help yourself or someone else get out of Defense Mode. Now, this is not an exhaustive list and we cover a lot more in-depth techniques in our books & courses, but these are the foundational pieces in which all the rest of the techniques rely on. Number one is decompression time. Have you ever noticed how you tend to feel more cranky or despondent when you're tired and you've had a long day? We tend to go into Defense Mode more when our emotional resources are low, so they need to be replenished in order to come back out of defense mode. Taking time, even just a few minutes away from the business of life to decompress and do some strategic self care is one of the best things you or your child can do to reduce overwhelm and increase your capacity to handle stress. More on handling stress and decompressing here. Number two is about building trust . In a close, healthy, parent child relationship, trust forms the bedrock of safety and effective cooperation. Once sufficient trust is present, Defense Mode naturally starts to disappear, and conversations tend to happen smoothly and easily. On the other hand, when a feeling of trust and safety is absent between you and your child, then the intention behind everything you do or say is suspect. So even the simplest of conversations can quickly spiral down into conflict. There are 4 pillars to building trust, and we discuss them here. We hope this explanation has been helpful to understanding a bit more of why your child might be shut down & overwhelmed. If you'd like to learn more, we have a lot more to teach you in our courses & books. We'd also love to hear from you in the comments section below. We're here to answer any questions we can.

Neurodiverse Discernment Counseling TIP: Want answers fast? Check out our 📄 Quick Guide on Neuro-informed discernment counseling for key facts, FAQs , and why you should choose us. MEET EMMA AND LUCAS... (Not their real names) After years of being misunderstood and repeatedly working with therapists who didn’t grasp the nuances of their neurodiverse relationship, they’ve arrived at a breaking point. Their latest fight was the tipping point: Emma (neurotypical) felt deeply dismissed when Lucas (who has autism and ADHD) forgot their anniversary. Lucas was overwhelmed and shut down in response to Emma’s emotional reaction. Now Emma threatens divorce—but that threat rarely gets acted on. They don’t know what to do next. They find themselves questioning: Should we try to save this relationship? Work on Your Relationship Now! ON THE BRINK When a neurodiverse marriage is on the brink of falling apart, couples face the hardest choice of their lives. Here are some of the questions that haunt them: Is my neurodiverse partner capable of change? Am I? Do I even want to work on it? If I make a decision to work on it, how can I be confident that it is the right one for me, or for us? What have I missed? Do I have a blind spot? Is it fair for me to ask him/her to change if that's not who he/she really is? What happens to our children? Will they be better off with us staying together in an unhappy marriage? Whether to stay married or get divorced is a multi-layered decision process. One that will confound even the most discerning people. You will second guess yourself, ruminate over the decision, and even drive yourself to depression. Sometimes you'll be tempted to decide just to end the misery of uncertainty. Get Started Now! NUTS & BOLTS OF DISCERNMENT COUNSELING Discernment Counseling: It is a structured, time‐limited assessment process , not full couples treatment. Typically completed in five sessions or less (in the classic model). It’s designed to slow down the impulse to act (e.g., impulsive divorce or immediate “fix everything” therapy) and instead encourage a longer view of your relationship and a broader range of choices. It provides the critical information needed to evaluate the relationship and choose a path forward: either: (a) divorce/separation with more clarity, or (b) commit to a defined course of intensive couples therapy (in this context, neuro-informed therapy). For neurodiverse couples , this information includes the input of a neuro-informed couples specialist who understands how neurodivergent-neurotypical dynamics play out, can clearly explain what a 6-month roadmap of intensive therapy should look like for a neurodiverse couple, and can help map what specific contributions each partner needs to make (including adapting communication styles, expectations, and neurodiversity-informed strategies). In this tailored approach: Neurodiverse couples can find themselves in a particularly hopeless place , not just because of marital conflict per se, but because their differences are misunderstood —by each other, by previous therapists, and by social expectations. Discernment counseling offers a resource to clarify those misunderstandings. A partner who is a literal thinker (often characteristic of some neurodivergent individuals) can benefit even more from spending the extra time up front during these five sessions to have a very clear roadmap and explicit expectations of what the work together will look like. This clarity helps reduce ambiguity, which often derails neurodiverse relationships. A neurotypical partner who’s experiencing symptoms of Cassandra Syndrome (feeling unseen, unheard, unbelieved in their relationship) may be hesitant to commit to counseling without a deeper understanding of what’s involved and what to expect. Discernment counseling offers a low‐commitment, clarifying stage that builds confidence and understanding before diving into full therapy. During these sessions you will identify core areas that each partner needs to work on (with neurodiversity in mind)—giving clarity on what each person must do differently (e.g., pacing conversations, checking assumptions, learning each other’s sensory/emotional triggers). One of the key questions the couple will face is: “Are you willing to work on your contributions to the relationship—in light of your neurological wiring?” If both partners answer yes, you move forward into a defined period of neuro-informed couples therapy (often six months). After that, you revisit the decision about continued commitment vs. separation. If either partner answers no, the counselor supports a healthy separation process or helps make the status-quo as manageable as possible. BEACON OF HOPE We understand how lonely and desperate neurodiverse couples feel when on the brink of separation or divorce. Discernment Counseling offers a beacon of hope. Couples who go through this process often feel much better, no matter what path they ultimately choose. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty, and instills a sense of empowerment. There is always hope, and we are here to support you every step of the way. Meet with our Client Care Coordinator Use our Trait Wheels to better understand your strengths and challenges: Autism Trait Wheel ADHD Trait Wheel AuDHD Trait Wheel

Your Brain OUR BEAUTIFUL BRAINS UNHELPFUL NARRATIVES Many couples arrive in neurodiverse couples therapy with one or both of the following stories: Neurotypical Partner: "They don't' care about me" or "He just can't give me what I need." Autistic Partner : "I'm a failure." or "My partner is overly emotional." We are here to tell you that you are both mistaken. If you don't understand the problem you are trying to solve, it is virtually impossible to solve it. First, the root problem is that your brains are wired differently. Second, you are reaching conclusions based on your experiences of your partner's behaviors, not is what is happening inside. Third, once you begin to understand what and why a behavior is happening, you can begin to find a way to make your relationship work. Without his clear problem definition, you are more likely to: assume bad intent on your partner, blame yourself, and stay stuck without change indefinitely. These assumptions keep you locked in a state of conflict, isolation and misunderstanding. TRENDS IN BRAIN RESEARCH Ok, so how do brains with autism (autistic) differ from brains without autism (allistic)? Studies that make use of a brain-scanning technique called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have highlighted brain regions that are structurally distinct in people with autism. However, research has not uncovered a ‘characteristic’ brain structure for autism , meaning that no single pattern of changes appears in every autistic person. This reflects the wide variety across individuals in general. Nonetheless, there are some consistent differences that have emerged for subsets of autistic people . Some of these differences are summarized on the information table on this page. Unfortunately, making direct connections between brain structures and the differences in thinking styles, body awareness, use of emotional language, focused interests, literal language interpretation, pattern perception, and theory of mind is imprecise. BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES To understand the autistic brain at a deeper level, it is helpful to focus on the biological differences; thus examining the structural, functional, and neurochemical aspects rather than behavioral manifestations. Here's an overview emphasizing these biological distinctions: Neuroanatomy and Brain Structure Autistic brains can exhibit variations in brain structure compared to allistic brains. This includes differences in the size and development of certain brain regions. For example, studies have found early brain overgrowth in some young children with autism, and there are often variations in the cerebellum and amygdala, which are regions involved in motor control and emotional processing, respectively. Neural Connectivity There are notable differences in neural connectivity in the autistic brain. This encompasses both hyper-connectivity and hypo-connectivity in various brain regions. Hyper-connectivity might occur within certain areas, leading to enhanced abilities in specific tasks, while hypo-connectivity between different regions can affect integrative functions such as social cognition. Synaptic Function and Neurotransmitters Research indicates differences in synaptic function in autistic individuals. Synapses are the junctions where neurons communicate, and alterations here can impact neural communication. Additionally, variations in neurotransmitter levels and functioning, such as glutamate and serotonin, have been observed, which play a role in mood, learning, and sensory processing. Brain Plasticity The autistic brain may exhibit unique patterns of neuroplasticity – the brain's ability to change and adapt. This can influence learning and development. Neuroplasticity in autism is a complex area of study, with research indicating both enhanced and reduced plasticity in different contexts or brain regions. Cerebral Cortex Organization Differences in the organization of the cerebral cortex, especially in regions involved in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing, are noted in autism. This includes variations in the minicolumns – small units of neurons in the cortex – which may affect information processing. Genetic Factors Autism has a strong genetic component, with numerous genes identified that contribute to its development. These genes often play a role in brain development and functioning, influencing aspects like neuron growth and synapse formation. Sensory Processing and Integration At the biological level, differences in how sensory information is processed in the brain are evident in autistic individuals. This can be linked to the aforementioned differences in neural connectivity and brain structure, leading to atypical sensory experiences. These biological aspects underlie the wide range of experiences and abilities seen in autism, highlighting the complexity and diversity of the condition. As research continues, our understanding of these biological differences is constantly evolving, offering deeper insights into the neurological basis of autism. THE MAIN POINT We encourage you (both allistic and autistic) to be open to seeing your partner's behavior with a new level of acceptance, knowing that their behaviors are not a reflection of bad intent, lack of will, or an inability to care. With this in mind, building bridges in a relationship become immensely easier. FOR THE RESEARCH MINDED For excellent detailed explanations about the biological differences in the autistic brain, see: Spectrum: Autism Research News offers insights into how brain structure differs between people with and without autism, with a focus on regions like the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum. They also discuss changes in brain structure during development and alterations in white matter. You can explore their content for more detailed visual representations and explanations here . NeuroClastic provides a series of infographics and detailed discussions on apraxia, agnosia, and similar processing disabilities in autism. These infographics explore how these conditions manifest and their impact on autistic individuals. The infographics are part of a broader series that delves into various aspects of neurological differences in autism. You ca Meet with our Client Care Coordinator Use our Trait Wheels to better understand your strengths and challenges: Autism Trait Wheel ADHD Trait Wheel AuDHD Trait Wheel